Creative Writing Essay

Specific poetic forms have been developed by many cultures. In more developed, closed or â€Å"received† poetic forms, the rhyming scheme, meter and other elements of a poem are based on sets of rules, ranging from the relatively loose rules that govern the construction of an elegy to the highly formalized structure of the ghazal or villanelle. Described below are some common forms of poetry widely used across a number of languages. Additional forms of poetry may be found in the discussions of poetry of particular cultures or periods and in the glossary. Sonnet Among the most common forms of poetry through the ages is the sonnet, which by the 13th century was a poem of fourteen lines following a set rhyme scheme and logical structure. By the 14th century, the form further crystallized under the pen of Petrarch, whose sonnets were later translated in the 16th century by Sir Thomas Wyatt, who is credited with introducing the sonnet form into English literature. A sonnet’s first four lines typically introduce the topic. A sonnet usually follows an a-b-a-b rhyme pattern. The sonnet’s conventions have changed over its history, and so there are several different sonnet forms. Traditionally, in sonnets English poets use iambic pentameter, the Spenserian and Shakespearean sonnets being especially notable. In the Romance languages, the hendecasyllable and Alexandrine are the most widely used meters, though the Petrarchan sonnet has been used in Italy since the 14th century. Sonnets are particularly associated with love poetry, and often use a poetic diction heavily based on vivid imagery, but the twists and turns associated with the move from octave to sestet and to final couplet make them a useful and dynamic form for many subjects.] Shakespeare’s sonnets are among the most famous in English poetry, with 20 being included in the Oxford Book of English Verse. Shi (poetry) Shi (traditional Chinese: è © ©; simplified Chinese: è ¯â€"; pinyin: shÄ «; Wade-Giles: shih) Is the main type of Classical Chinese poetry.Within this form of poetry the most important variations are â€Å"folk song† styled verse (yuefu), â€Å"old style† verse (gushi), â€Å"modern style† verse (jintishi). In all cases, rhyming is obligatory. The Yuefu is a folk ballad or a poem written in the folk ballad style, and the number of lines and the length of the lines could be irregular. For the other variations of shi poetry, generally either a four line (quatrain, or jueju) or else an eight line poem is normal; either way with the even numbered lines rhyming. The line length is scanned by according number of characters (according to the convention that one character equals one syllable), and are predominantly either five or seven characters long, with a caesura before the final three syllables. The lines are generally end-stopped, considered as a series of couplets, and exhibit verbal parallelism as a key poetic device. ]The â€Å"old style† verse (gushi) is less formally strict than the jintishi, or regulated verse, which, despite the name â€Å"new style† verse actually had its theoretical basis laid as far back to Shen Yue, in the 5th or 6th century, although not considered to have reached its full development until the time of Chen Zi’ang (661-702) A good example of a poet known for his gushi poems is Li Bai. Among its other rules, the jintishi rules regulate the tonal variations within a poem, including the use of set patterns of the four tones of Middle Chinese The basic form of jintishi (lushi) has eight lines in four couplets, with parallelism between the lines in the second and third couplets. The couplets with parallel lines contain contrasting content but an identical grammatical relationship between words. Jintishi often have a rich poetic diction, full of allusion, and can have a wide range of subject, including history and politics. One of the masters of the form was Du Fu, who wrote during the Tang Dynasty (8th century). Villanelle The villanelle is a nineteen-line poem made up of five triplets with a closing quatrain; the poem is characterized by having two refrains, initially used in the first and third lines of the first stanza, and then alternately used at the close of each subsequent stanza until the final quatrain, which is concluded by the two refrains. The remaining lines of the poem have an a-b alternating rhyme.The villanelle has been used regularly in the English language since the late 19th century by such poets as Dylan Thomas, W. H. Auden,and Elizabeth Bishop. Tanka Tanka is a form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, with five sections totalling 31 onji (phonological units identical to morae), structured in a 5-7-5 7–7 pattern.There is generally a shift in tone and subject matter between the upper 5-7-5 phrase and the lower 7-7 phrase. Tanka were written as early as the Nara period by such poets as Kakinomoto no Hitomaro, at a time when Japan was emerging from a period where much of its poetry followed Chinese form. Tanka was originally the shorter form of Japanese formal poetry, and was used more heavily to explore personal rather than public themes. By the 13th century, tanka had become the dominant form of Japanese poetry, and it is still widely written today. Haiku Haiku is a popular form of unrhymed Japanese poetry, which evolved in the 17th century from the hokku, or opening verse of a renku. Generally written in a single vertical line, the haiku contains three sections totalling 17 onji, structured in a 5-7-5 pattern. Traditionally, haiku contain a kireji, or cutting word, usually placed at the end of one of the poem’s three sections, and a kigo, or season-word. The most famous exponent of the haiku was Matsuo BashÃ…  (1644–1694). An example of his writing: Ã¥ ¯Å'Ã¥ £ «Ã£  ®Ã© ¢ ¨Ã£â€šâ€žÃ¦â€°â€¡Ã£  «Ã£  ®Ã£ â€ºÃ£  ¦Ã¦ ±Å¸Ã¦Ë† ¸Ã¥Å"Ÿç” £ fuji no kaze ya oogi ni nosete Edo miyage the wind of Mt. Fuji I’ve brought on my fan! a gift from Edo Ode Odes were first developed by poets writing in ancient Greek, such as Pindar, and Latin, such as Horace. Forms of odes appear in many of the cultures that were influenced by the Greeks and Latins.The ode generally has three parts: a strophe, an antistrophe, and an epode. The antistrophes of the ode possess similar metrical structures and, depending on the tradition, similar rhyme structures. In contrast, the epode is written with a different scheme and structure. Odes have a formal poetic diction, and generally deal with a serious subject. The strophe and antistrophe look at the subject from different, often conflicting, perspectives, with the epode moving to a higher level to either view or resolve the underlying issues. Odes are often intended to be recited or sung by two choruses (or individuals), with the first reciting the strophe, the second the antistrophe, and both together the epode.Over time, differing forms for odes have developed with considerable variations in form and structure, but generally showing the original influence of the Pindaric or Horatian ode. One non-Western form which resembles the ode is the qasida in Persian poetry. Ghazal The ghazal (also ghazel, gazel, gazal, or gozol) is a form of poetry common in Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Urdu and Bengali poetry. In classic form, the ghazal has from five to fifteen rhyming couplets that share a refrain at the end of the second line. This refrain may be of one or several syllables, and is preceded by a rhyme. Each line has an identical meter. The ghazal often reflects on a theme of unattainable love or divinity. As with other forms with a long history in many languages, many variations have been developed, including forms with a quasi-musical poetic diction in Urdu. Ghazals have a classical affinity with Sufism, and a number of major Sufi religious works are written in ghazal form. The relatively steady meter and the use of the refrain produce an incantatory effect, which complements Sufi mystical themes well. Among the masters of the form is Rumi, a 13th-century Persian poet who lived in Konya, in present-day Turkey. Genres In addition to specific forms of poems, poetry is often thought of in terms of different genres and subgenres. A poetic genre is generally a tradition or classification of poetry based on the subject matter, style, or other broader literary characteristics. Some commentators view genres as natural forms of literature. Others view the study of genres as the study of how different works relate and refer to other works. Narrative poetry Narrative poetry is a genre of poetry that tells a story. Broadly it subsumes epic poetry, but the term â€Å"narrative poetry† is often reserved for smaller works, generally with more appeal to human interest. Narrative poetry may be the oldest type of poetry. Many scholars of Homer have concluded that his Iliad and Odyssey were composed from compilations of shorter narrative poems that related individual episodes. Much narrative poetry—such as Scottish and English ballads, and Baltic and Slavic heroic poems—is performance poetry with roots in a preliterate oral tradition. It has been speculated that some features that distinguish poetry from prose, such as meter, alliteration and kennings, once served as memory aids for bards who recited traditional tales. Notable narrative poets have included Ovid, Dante, Juan Ruiz, Chaucer, William Langland, Luà ­s de Camà µes, Shakespeare, Alexander Pope, Robert Burns, Fernando de Rojas, Adam Mickiewicz, Alexander Pushkin, Edgar Allan Poe and Alfred Tennyson. Epic poetry Epic poetry is a genre of poetry, and a major form of narrative literature. This genre is often defined as lengthy poems concerning events of a heroic or important nature to the culture of the time. It recounts, in a continuous narrative, the life and works of a heroic or mythological person or group of persons.] Examples of epic poems are Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, Virgil’s Aeneid, the Nibelungenlied, Luà ­s de Camà µes’ Os Lusà ­adas, the Cantar de Mio Cid, the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Mahabharata, Valmiki’s Ramayana, Ferdowsi’s Shahnama, Nizami (or Nezami)’s Khamse (Five Books), and the Epic of King Gesar. While the composition of epic poetry, and of long poems generally, became less common in the west after the early 20th century, some notable epics have continued to be written. Derek Walcott won a Nobel prize to a great extent on the basis of his epic, Omeros. Verse drama and dramatic verse, Theatre of ancient Greece, Sanskrit drama, Chinese Opera, and Noh Dramatic poetry is drama written in verse to be spoken or sung, and appears in varying, sometimes related forms in many cultures. Greek tragedy in verse dates to the 6th century B.C., and may have been an influence on the development of Sanskrit drama, just as Indian drama in turn appears to have influenced the development of the bianwen verse dramas in China, forerunners of Chinese Opera.East Asian verse dramas also include Japanese Noh. Examples of dramatic poetry in Persian literature include Nizami’s two famous dramatic works, Layla and Majnun and Khosrow and Shirin, Ferdowsi’s tragedies such as Rostam and Sohrab, Rumi’s Masnavi, Gorgani’s tragedy of Vis and Ramin, and Vahshi’s tragedy of Farhad. Satirical Poetry Poetry can be a powerful vehicle for satire. The Romans had a strong tradition of satirical poetry, often written for political purposes. A notable example is the Roman poet Juvenal’s satires.[128] The same is true of the English satirical tradition. John Dryden (a Tory), the first Poet Laureate, produced in 1682 Mac Flecknoe, subtitled â€Å"A Satire on the True Blue Protestant Poet, T.S.† (a reference to Thomas Shadwell).Another master of 17th-century English satirical poetry was John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester.Satirical poets outside England include Poland’s Ignacy Krasicki, Azerbaijan’s Sabir and Portugal’s Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage. Lyric poetry Lyric poetry is a genre that, unlike epic and dramatic poetry, does not attempt to tell a story but instead is of a more personal nature. Poems in this genre tend to be shorter, melodic, and contemplative. Rather than depicting characters and actions, it portrays the poet’s own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.Notable poets in this genre include John Donne, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Antonio Machado. Elegy An elegy is a mournful, melancholy or plaintive poem, especially a lament for the dead or a funeral song. The term â€Å"elegy,† which originally denoted a type of poetic meter (elegiac meter), commonly describes a poem of mourning. An elegy may also reflect something that seems to the author to be strange or mysterious. The elegy, as a reflection on a death, on a sorrow more generally, or on something mysterious, may be classified as a form of lyric poetry. Notable practitioners of elegiac poetry have included Propertius, Jorge Manrique, Jan Kochanowski, Chidiock Tichborne, Edmund Spenser, Ben Jonson, John Milton, Thomas Gray, Charlotte Turner Smith, William Cullen Bryant, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Evgeny Baratynsky, Alfred Tennyson, Walt Whitman, Louis Gallet, Antonio Machado, Juan Ramà ³n Jimà ©nez, William Butler Yeats, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Virginia Woolf. Fable The fable is an ancient literary genre, often (though not invariably) set in verse. It is a succinct story that features anthropomorphized animals, plants, inanimate objects, or forces of nature that illustrate a moral lesson (a â€Å"moral†). Verse fables have used a variety of meter and rhyme patterns. Notable verse fabulists have included Aesop, Vishnu Sarma, Phaedrus, Marie de France, Robert Henryson, Biernat of Lublin, Jean de La Fontaine, Ignacy Krasicki, Fà ©lix Marà ­a de Samaniego, Tomà ¡s de Iriarte, Ivan Krylov and Ambrose Bierce. Prose poetry Prose poetry is a hybrid genre that shows attributes of both prose and poetry. It may be indistinguishable from the micro-story (a.k.a. the â€Å"short short story†, â€Å"flash fiction†). While some examples of earlier prose strike modern readers as poetic, prose poetry is commonly regarded as having originated in 19th-century France, where its practitioners included Aloysius Bertrand, Charles Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud and Stà ©phane Mallarmà ©.Since the late 1980s especially, prose poetry has gained increasing popularity, with entire journals, such as The Prose Poem: An International Journal,Contemporary Haibun Onlinedevoted to that genre. Speculative poetry Speculative poetry, also known as fantastic poetry, (of which weird or macabre poetry is a major subclassification), is a poetic genre which deals thematically with subjects which are ‘beyond reality’, whether via extrapolation as in science fiction or via weird and horrific themes as in horror fiction. Such poetry appears regularly in modern science fiction and horror fiction magazines. Edgar Allan Poe is sometimes seen as the â€Å"father of speculative poetry†.

Related Literature Essay

In order to develop a thorough understanding and deeper insight into previous works and trends that is relevant to the subject, as well as to reach specific goals of the study, the researchers considered a number of references, both foreign and local. These references presented in this chapter were gathered through journals, magazines, books, and other reading materials. It is also includes related foreign and local literature and studies acquired through the internet, past thesis and case studies of the same field and discipline. This provides a background for the discussion to analyze the findings of the present investigations. Foreign Literature For the millions of poor in developing areas of the world, urban areas have always been a means for improving their quality of living and environment, besides getting better jobs and incomes. This, in contrast to deteriorating conditions in the rural areas has generated a considerable flow of migrants to cities. One of the dilemmas that they face and which persists for a long period is the question of an adequate house. The definition of Mason,O. S. & Fraser, C. , (1998)takes the environmental, socio economic and living conditions more into account. They describe informal settlements as: Dense settlements comprising communities housed inself-constructed shelters under conditions of informal or traditional land tenure. They are a common feature of developing countries and are typically the product of an urgent need for shelter by the urban poor. As such they are characterized by a dense proliferation of small, makeshift shelters built from diverse materials (such as plastic, tin sheeting and wooden planks), by degradation of the local ecosystem (for example, erosion and poor water quality and sanitation) and by severe social problems. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (2008) differentiate slum settlement to squatter settlement. The word slum traditionally describes a neighborhood of housing that was once in good condition but since deteriorated or been subdivided into a state of high crowding and rented out to low-income groups. A squatter settlement, on the other hand, is an area of poor quality housing built on illegally occupied land. A third kind of settlement is an irregular subdivision, in which he legal owner subdivides the land into sub-standard plots and sells or rents them out without following all relevant building bylaws. Fernandes, E. 2011) on his report, Informal Settlements are caused by low income, unrealistic urban planning, lack of serviced land, lack of social housing, and a dysfunctional legal system. The settlements develop over time and some have existed for decades, often becoming part of the regular development of the city, and therefore gaining rights, although usually lacking formal titles. Whether they are established on public or private land, they develop irregularly and often d o not have critical public services such as sanitation, resulting in health and environmental hazards.

A class trip to remember Essay

Contributing nice photographs from our class trip would be the great challenge to complete an album, which is the photomontage and part of parcel of our portfolio assignment. We planned beforehand the journey to Damai Puri Resort and came out with a list of interesting activities and equipment that we will have to bring along. Out of expectation, it was just the start of the disaster that we could never imagine. The class trip was fun, memorable, and enjoyable. The day of the trip began as usual but it was fun enough for us. The fundamental issue of the trip was the transportation to the location. We have insufficient budget and could only rent a mini van. Then, some of us had no choice and were forced to carpool in Bryan’s car. We had a fun riding trip with some card games and singing some trending songs in the car. Then, Yasmin brought up a hot discussion topic and all of us had a really fun time debating over each other’s statement. Not long after that, the entrance of Damai Puri Resort is just right in front of us. Once we arrived at the destination, we immediately settle down in the hotel room. The bus riding brought us an unforgettable memories and we had enjoyed the greatest moment, chitchatting, singing pop songs and laughing together. I noticed that we were already bonded and literally grouped. We then took our first group photo on the beach. By then, we were divided into groups to play around. Damai is indeed a fun place for outdoor activities and the view is superb, one that we could never forget. Nevertheless, the weather was extremely hot and was unsuitable for activities on the beach. So some of us have decided to soak into the pool and just chilling around. Some other girls who were not interested to swim decided to have their girls talk under the coconut trees. The scenes were memorable. After that, it was nearly evening. We have decided to watch the sunset on the beach, it was indeed beautiful. Lik ewise, we enjoyed the strong wind blows, the coconut torso up, I closed my eyes and listened to the relaxing sound of sea waves. It was such an enjoyable moment. By six o’clock, all of us were exhausted. We were already starving but it is still long to our barbeque dinner. Some of us insisted to take the early dinner at the central food court. Those who struggled starvation went there for their early dinner while the committee were busy preparing the barbecue night for the others. During the preparation of the dinner, Celine, one of the committee, shouted.  Apparently, she forgot to bring the necessary equipment and we could not stick to our plan without it. The girls were complaining and conflict arose. The committees were blaming each other too. Meanwhile, another class were also having the barbecue dinner nearby. At that moment, the smartest guys in our class, Julius came out with an idea, which was to borrow the equipment from them after their dining. Fortunately, the idea worked really well. Although the barbecue became our supper but we still enjoy of it. To sum up the trip experiences, I would use the words: memorable, unforgettable and fun! However, our group leader was pretty upset about the conflicts. There are always ups and downs in our life and I hope she is no longer grieving, I also hope that we will have another trip together and I will definitely volunteer to be the leader to bring up the joy to everyone.

Public perception or opinion on GREEN IT practices in Organisations Essay

Public perception or opinion on GREEN IT practices in Organisations - Essay Example The adoption of Green IT ensures that IT technologies have minimal impact on the environment. Today’s businesses, organizations, learning and government institutions are dependent on technology. For instance, it is now possible to shop from the comfort of our homes thanks to the ever growing IT technologies. People are nowadays more glued to their Personal Computers, laptops, smart phones and every kind of electronic devices that simplifies communication. With every passing day, newer, better and more advanced communication devices are released to the market. This implies that the older versions quickly become obsolete and outdated and are constantly replaced with the newer ones. This reliance on technology also implies that more ink and paper are used. The introduction of Green IT to organizations, therefore, is a move that aims at reducing the use of environmentally harmful materials, improve energy efficiency during the use of IT materials and market biodegradability and re cyclability of all IT waste materials in various organizations (Wilcox & Charlotte 2009). This ensures that the IT practices of an organization do not have adverse effects to the environment. In order to promote ICT sustainability, it is important to study the concepts involved and the impact that their adoption in various organizations will have on the environment. This study helps us identify the potential practices that once incorporated in the everyday activities within an organization will help minimize the impact of IT use on the environment. The success of the practice of Green IT largely depends on the public’s acceptance of the practice. People have felt the impact of environmental degradation and are now willing to accept green practices. More people are getting involved in environmental conservation practices and therefore the sustainable ICT. Public Perception of Green IT An environmentally green neighborhood directly translates to a better quality of life of a co mmunity. This implies that greener landscape promotes healthy living. Before a given group of people can accept new life practices, there is a need to educate them on the importance of the practice and to impact to their lives. The results are practices and daily activities that minimize waste and thus conserve the environment. The public will always be worried about accompanying results that comes with the adoption of sustainable ICT. These include financial concerns, perceived disconnects and misperception of terms. While most people in organizations had never heard of Green IT, many considered it as a service or infrastructure delivered by the government. Contrary to the reality, a group of the public also considers introduction of Green Computing to organizations as more expensive. Consequently, people are more concerned on the cost of installation of the sustainable IT infrastructure and their respective maintenance costs. Green IT: Green IT Practices in Organizations The opera tion and communication within organizations have gone paperless. The use of printed hardcopy materials is being minimized with the adoption of electronic archiving and documentation. Instead of using hardcopy documentation, organizations are now promoting the adoption of softcopy materials thereby minimizing the use of

Case Analysis-Milton Manufacturing Company Study

Analysis-Milton Manufacturing Company - Case Study Example Issues at Milton Manufacturing Company Companies that face issues must identify them in order to evaluate its effects and to find solutions to resolve the problems. The managers of the company are directly responsible for the performance of the employees and the company as a whole. Resolving problems can help improve the productivity, efficiency, and profitability of a company. Milton Manufacturing Company faces three types of problems. The three types of problems present at the firm are accounting, operational, and ethical issues. The accounting department is responsible for recording, tracking, and monitoring the economic activity of a firm (McGuckin). It is of the utmost importance for accountants to comply with the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and to maintain a high level of ethical conduct by the professionals that practice accounting. The first financial problem that the company faces is that its revenues decreased by 10% in comparison with the previous year. Lower sales results hurt the bottom line of the company by lowering its profitability. Another issue with lower sales is that it can deplete the cash reserves of a firm. A second accounting issue was that the capital expenditures of the company were increasing at a rate of 26%. A third accounting issue Milton Manufacturing Company faced was a reduction in its cash flow position. ... Lower sales results hurt the bottom line of the company by lowering its profitability. Another issue with lower sales is that it can deplete the cash reserves of a firm. A second accounting issue was that the capital expenditures of the company were increasing at a rate of 26%. A third accounting issue Milton Manufacturing Company faced was a reduction in its cash flow position. Cash is the most important assets a company holds because it is used to pay for the short and long term obligations of the company which include payments of payroll, utilities, and debt. The cash flow from operating activities of the company decreased from $1,925,000 to $1,722,000. The firm’s cash outflow from investing activities increased from $1,834,000 to $2,244,000. The only positive activity in the statement of cash flows is that cash from investing activities received an inflow of $168,000 instead of the outflow the firm had the previous year of $376,000. The cash position of the company was ext remely important due to the fact that the company was in the process of obtaining a $20 million loan from Second Bankers Hour & Trust Co. Ann Plokin determined that if the company keeps spending at its current pace it would not be able to pay for the $20 million loan. In order to remedy the situation she implemented a control measure to limit the capital expenditures of the different plants to the 2009 level of expenditures. Milton Manufacturing Company also faced production problems. One of its plant managers, Sammie Markowitz, identified a major operational deficiency in the machinery and equipment of the firm. He notified the problem to the VP of operations. The problem he identified was

Using a case example analyse a decision made by a nurse in the Essay

Using a case example analyse a decision made by a nurse in the practice setting - Essay Example Decision making in a nursing profession evaluates the ability of a nurse to identify and collect critical information in an emergency situation, analyze on them, identify appropriate decisions and more importantly, implement those decisions in such precarious situations.According to the case presented, the decision of the nurse is to respect the choice of the patient and go with the method of treatment, as chosen by the patient. (Adair 1999) This decision-making process plays an integral part in establishing the most complex of all relationships in health care – between a patient and the nurse.The health care services have improved so much that patients have become more cautious about the approach taken for their treatment. (Benner 2004) Many of the services are customized in such a way that the patient’s approval of the process taken for their treatment has become a must. So, with the growing trend, people have started to understand about the different options availabl e for a particular treatment and know about the consequences of each of the methods. (Benner 2001) These steps of improvement towards health care clearly show that decision-making has gained high priority among the patients. The changing trends have made sure that nurses are given full freedom to excise their duties and make appropriate decision. Such autonomy has also provided them with prime responsibility. Any decision that could have severe impact directly affects the growth of their career. (Department of Health Nursing and Midwifery Council 2002) It also acts as one of the means of measuring a nurse’s contribution towards improvement of health care. The clinical importance of decision-making process is directly attributed towards the improvement of patient care. Their critical thinking skills in a clinical field allow them to be actively responsive to grasping even semblance of opportunities that could help in improving care. (Chapman 1994) In this case study, the patie nt is a 26 year old female working as an assistant in a shop. The patient as got a cut in the proximal phalange on the dorsal aspect of the middle finger. The patient is extremely tentative towards the concept of needles and sutures and in every possibility is in favor of avoiding such methods to treat her. The nurse handling the case, being an experienced practitioner in nursing gave the opportunity for the patient to decide between suture and gluing. The nurse practitioner did not fail to mention about the advantages and consequences of choosing each method. Given the stress that the patient incurs about suture and needles, the patient’s choice for gluing method to treat her was respected and followed. The first priority of the nurse practitioner while deciding on the method of treatment was to respect the choice of the patient. Since the patient was given the details of both the procedures and after having decided that the nature of the wound to be a minor one, the patient was given the responsibility of self-management. Secondly, the guidelines of the gluing procedure were easily satisfied by the wound’s state and hence, the nurse had an easy approach while deciding on the treatment. (Tschudin 1994) Several systems like the Clinical Decision Support Systems are used to support practitioners while making decisions. (DOH 2007) Such systems are categorized as knowledge based and non-knowledge based. These systems work on the basis of the information collected and also on the past history of the patient to guide the practitioners to take a final decision. Ultimately, these systems only help in guiding the practitioners to make a decision and they do not finalize any decision. (DOH 2009) The theories of rational approach towards clinical decision-making suggest that, decisions should be made on a long term basis, taking in details of the numerical data, the probabilities of different decisions and others facts. These systems help in collecting tho se empirical data and allow for making a decision that is well thought

Marketing of TelePacific Communications Case Study

Marketing of TelePacific Communications - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that financial strength is one of the prime constraints of TelePacific which restricted them to promote the company across the world. Therefore, e-marketing will be an effective promotional tool to develop awareness among the people of the world. Moreover, the award received in 2010 has enabled the company to increase its annual revenue by 13% each year. Managing customers efficiently is an important competency of an organization dealing in the service sector. Maintaining long-term relationships with the existing customers and developing unique strategies will enable the company to retain and to attract new clients. Involving customers in planning future strategies of the company will influence them in maintaining long-term relationships with the organization. Moreover, employee satisfaction is also an important factor which should be dealt sophistically. The employees are the core communicators who interact with the customers. Thus, job sati sfaction and continued training programs are essential for enhancing the relationship among the customers and the organization. Managing the Customer Relationship TelePacific is renowned for providing excellent services to its customers along with quality network coverage. In order to measure the performances of their employees the company has implemented various metrics which create accountability and visibility across the organization. The metrics are reviewed every week on an organizational level discussing relevant issues and developing customer experiences through their services. One of the core commitments of the company is to enhance the relationship with the existing customers and to introduce innovative products for attracting new customers. Thus, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is an effective tool for maintaining long-term relationships with individual customers. The strategies of CRM help create new and shared value for individual customers that leads to building preferences for the organization ultimately generating appropriate outcomes related to business results (TelePacific Communications, 2012) . The company enables customers for communicating with the top level management by providing them direct phone numbers regarding any issue. In addition, TelePacific can invite ideas from customers for jointly planning and developing values distinct to the class of customer. Furthermore, the management can collaborate with the distribution channels for enhancing individual customer satisfaction. Integrating customers’ suggestion into their technologies will develop their participation and involvement with the company. Moreover, e-marketing is growing rapidly as a competent tool for promoting a company and its products. Various strategies are being employed by organizations to attract the attention of the customers in order to promote their unique products and services offered. Social networking sites are quite common these days to promote c ompany’s products. The use of social networking sites has developed immensely among the younger generations and corporate. Therefore, generating awareness of the services offered by TelePacific through Facebook or Twitter will attract new customers. Furthermore, it gives the company an opportunity to interact directly with the individual customers and identify the common desires and evolving trends.  

Internship Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internship Report - Essay Example The coffee factory is an old design factory located on the same piece of land where coffee is grown. It is a family owned factory run by the family. A part from the production of coffee, the family also engages in the production of sugarcane and feedlot beef. Internship activities 1) Understanding and evaluating the operations and activities within the factory- the nature and location of machines, lighting etc 2) Identifying the risks and hazards in the factory. This involves evaluating all possible causes of risks and hazards that may endanger the lives of workers and visitors at the factory 3) Examine the mechanisms put in place to control hazards and risks at the workplace. Specifically, identify the strategies put in place to prevent or minimize harm from hazards in the workplace 4) Evaluate the reporting mechanisms used within the factory to report hazards. 5) Examine how the factory management communicates hazards and risks to its employees. This will involve focusing on the mechanisms used to provide employees with up to date and timely information on hazards and risks 6) Propose and implement mechanisms that can be used to enhance the safety of the factory Completed activities so far 1. Understanding and evaluating the operations and activities within the factory. 1. Identifying sources of risks and hazards within the factory. 2. Examining mechanisms used to control hazards. Based on the completed activities so far, I have been able to learn a few things relating to safety management at the workplace.

Strategic Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Management Accounting - Essay Example Historically the role of management accounting conferred to operational level budgeting, target setting and control with little or no influence towards strategy development. With the passage of time, this trend has been changed because of Strategic Management Accounting as nowadays this trend and focus has been driven towards strategy formulation and development (Kader et al, 2006). This strategy formulation and development makes management accountants to participate in formulating strategies within the organisation and this practise has been highly encouraged because these management accountants have a better operational level knowledge hence it helps in better goal congruence as well as proper implementation at the lower level of an organisation (Puolamaki, 2006). The most popular techniques that are used within Strategic Management Accounting are the Balanced Scorecard approach and the Activity Based Costing system. The Balanced Scorecard approach focuses on both the financial as well as non financial factors that may affect an organisation, besides these factors, it also looks upon the factors that have an external influence on to the organisation as well. The Activity Based Costing system on the other hand focuses on the financial aspects of an organisation in depth and this further helps in target setting, budgeting and variance analysis (Kaplan, 2006). There are many different techniques that are used within the strategic management accounting system. Each and every technique has its own unique approach, role and relevance. The applications of all these different techniques vary in accordance with the different situations that arise within the organisation. The more often used techniques and their particular significance and role is mentioned below. Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis CVP analysis is affiliated with cost accounting. The main attribute of this technique is to compute break even in the break even analysis which would further help in calculat ing the targeted income sales. The basic assumptions that are involved in calculating the CVP analysis are the same as that of break even analysis. Although this technique is used by numerous companies, it has some limitations that are highly criticised. One of the major criticisms of using these techniques is that it uses different assumptions where it is deemed that the unit variable costs within any company’s production department are constant with the unit revenues. A proper CVP analysis would be required to assess the benefits gained from any particular deal, all the fixed cost and the variable costs would be summed up to assess the benefits that could be availed in more than one given scenario {(as illustrated in the Tani Kimura Company example (Choosing Plant Location)}(Horngren et al, Chapter 3, 2012). Job Costing and Process Costing Job and process costing are two methods that lie within the scope of cost accounting. Job costing involves the computation of costs in a construction or batch form. All the relevant costs that are incurred within a particular job are recorded within their respective ledgers and hence they are finally added up together to give the total

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Essay Example for Free

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Essay Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) is a personality disorder which is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency (Taber, 1968). This pattern begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. Individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder attempt to maintain a sense of control through painstaking attention to rules, trivial details, procedures, lists, schedules, or form to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost (Criterion 1). OCPD and OCD are often confused as they are thought of as being similar. There is, however, a great difference between the two conditions. A person with OCD experience tremendous anxiety related to specific preoccupations, which are perceived as threatening. Within the condition OCPD it is one’s dysfunctional philosophy which produces anxiety, anguish and frustration (Phillipson). History of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: Back in the early 1900s, Freud observed and treated patients with OCPD. From his findings, he noted, â€Å"persons with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are characterized by the three ‘peculiarities’ of orderliness [which include cleanliness and conscientiousness], parsimony, and obstinacy. † He also called it, â€Å"a neurosis connected with difficulties at the anal phase in psychosexual development,† and made a distinction between Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), which he referred to as a â€Å"symptomatic neurosis† and OCPD, which he referred to as a â€Å"character neurosis† (Skodol Gunderson, 2009). In 1918, Ernest Jones went on to describe someone afflicted with OCPD as being overly concerned with money, cleanliness, and time. The observations from these men were important at the time, because not much was known about this disorder. Literature begot the term â€Å"anal character†, combining the character (personality) neurosis (anxiety), and according to Freud, OCPD begins development in the anal phase of development (Skodal Gunderson, 2009). Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder tends to occur in families, so genes may be involved. A person’s childhood and environment may also play roles. As with all personality disorders, the person must be at least 18 years old before they can be diagnosed. OCPD is approximately twice as prevalent in males then females, and occurs in about 1 percent of the general population. It is seen in 3 to 10 percent of psychiatric outpatients. Like most personality disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder typically will decrease in intensity with age, with many people experiencing few of the most extreme symptoms by the time they are in the 40s or 50s. Their ability to work with others is equally affected, since they have symptoms perfectionism. This perfectionism may interfere with the person’s ability to complete tasks, because their standards are so rigid. People with this disorder may emotionally withdraw when they are not able to control a situation. This can interfere with their ability to solve problems and form close relationships. Personality disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder are typically diagnosed by a trained mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. Psychological test that may help diagnose this condition include: †¢The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Disorders (SCID II) †¢The Schedule for Non-Adaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) Treatment options for Obsessive-Compulsion Personality Disorder include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (Prozac) may help reduce some of the anxiety and depression from this disorder. However, talk therapy (psychotherapy) is thought to be the most effective treatment for this condition. †¢Psychodynamic psychotherapy helps patients understand their thoughts and feelings. †¢Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also help. In some cases, medications combined with talk therapy may be the more effective than either treatment alone. Hospitalization is rarely needed for people with this disorder, unless an extreme or severe stressor or stressful life event occurs which increases the compulsive behaviors to an extent where regular daily activities are halted or present possible risks of harm to the patient. Many support groups exist within communities throughout the world which are devoted to helping individuals with this disorder share their common experiences and feelings. Such support groups are recommended to individuals suffering from this disorder, especially if they found therapy unhelpful or too expensive. Many people with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder don’t seek treatment. People with personality disorders, in general, do not often seek out treatment until the disorder starts to significantly interfere or otherwise impact a person’s life. I think that the outlook for people with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder tends to be better than that for other personality disorders. The four major complications for OCPD are: anxiety, depression, difficulty moving forward in career situations and difficulties in relationships. I strongly believe that being informed about this condition’s manifestations, people can better seek appropriate treatment.

Language Attitudes And Ideologies English Language Essay

Language Attitudes And Ideologies English Language Essay In a contemporary society especially in a diverse country such as South Africa, language plays an important role in defining identity. As a result of the many diverse cultures, South Africans are exposed to a vast amount of different languages. These languages form part of identity and thus are accompanied by certain language ideologies and attitudes. Language ideology may be defined as shared beliefs about language forms and practices embedded in social conflicts over power (Volk and Angelova, 2007:177). Attitudes on the other hand are closely related to ideologies, and are described as learned reactions toward a person or situation (Steinberg, 2007). This essay aims to research the effects of a multilingual university (UWC) community on language use and ideology. It will also provide reasons for these effects and how attitudes relate to language ideology. To begin the study my research population consisted of a UWC male student, age twenty five and his first language is Setswana. In order to conduct the research I first posed a question to this student. The question was as follows; Given that you have been at UWC for at least two years, what effect is your membership of a multilingual university community having on your language use and ideology? The student answered that being at UWC has changed his ideology of different languages, because of the diverse language speakers and the formation of strong friendships he has been forced to become familiar with other languages. I then used this response as a framework to begin the research. As this is a qualitative research study I have made use of the survey-questionnaire method to gather my data. I have particularly applied the Linkert Scale style questionnaire that consists of statements and of which the participants answers are among the following; strongly agree/ agree/ unsure/disagree/ strongly disagree. The participant would then provide the reasons for their answers. The statements on the Linkert Scale questionnaire were as follows: I am happy with English as the main medium of instruction at UWC I would be more successful in my academic studies if my home/first language could be used in lectures and tutorials The other languages are sufficiently developed for use at tertiary level, and should not only be used for informal communication Its a good thing that we have a common language here at UWC to help us communicate across linguistic boundaries Im pleased that Ive picked up some words and expressions in other languages here at UWC The other part of the questionnaire asked for reasons for answers and provided writing space for the students response. In this case the student then provided reasons for his response to the above statements which made up the full data which I have made use of in this essay. The findings consisted of the responses to the above statements and the reasons for the response. The participants response to statement one was that he strongly agrees with English being a medium of instruction at UWC. His reason for his response was as follows Since different students come from different backgrounds/cultures and languages its only fair to have English as a lingua Franca common to all. Thus in this case I have found that the participant feels that English is a language spoken by all students at UWC. He also suggests that it is fair to have English as a medium of instruction, because all students at UWC share the common understanding of English whether it be a first, second or third language acquisition. This explains English as a lingua franca, the term lingua franca describes a language serving as a regular means of communication between different linguistic groups in a multilingual speech community Holmes (1997:86). The participant in this case is happy with the f act that English is used as a medium of instruction. The students response to statement two was that he disagrees that he would be more successful academically if his first language was a medium of instruction. The students reason for this is as follows No, I am more competent in English than my mother tongue when it comes to reading and writing as I last stopped using my first language for reading and writing in standard 3. It is clear, judging by the participants response, that he has lost proficiency in his first language in reading and writing due to being educated in English for so long. As a result of being educated in English for such a long time the student seems to feel more competent with English. This evidence gives rise to the notion that English may be the predominant language for educating a multilingual society due to its global recognition. The participants response to statement three was that he strongly disagrees with the assumption that, other languages are sufficiently developed for use at tertiary level and should not only be used for informal communication. The students reason for this is When it comes to Afrikaans and Xhosa I understand because these are the languages predominantly spoken in the Western Cape, but if its other languages it would not be fair to the other 11 official languages which are not used in tertiary education. The student in this instance feels as that English, Afrikaans and Xhosa are the only three languages developed at tertiary level as there is predominance in the amount of speakers of these languages. However, the participant disagrees that other languages should be used as a medium of instruction at tertiary level because it would be unfair to those who cannot understand the language. The student also feels that should one language, other than English/Afrikaans or Xhosa, be used as a m edium of instruction at tertiary level it would be unfair to the other eleven official languages that are not used in this way. The students answer to statement four was that he strongly agrees that its a good thing that we have a common language at UWC to communicate across linguistic boundaries. The students reason for this is as follows; If it wasnt for English as a lingua franca we would all be lost unless we share a 1st language, So it very good that we have a lingua franca as we connect/communicate well. In this case it is evident that the participant feels generally pleased that there is a language that can break through linguistic boundaries. The student in this case feels that English has the power to do so as a result of its wide range of speakers. It is also clear that the student agrees that English as a lingua franca helps us to communicate with other students from different linguistic backgrounds. The last statement the partaker responded that he agrees that he is pleased he has picked up some words and expressions in other languages. His reason for this is Yes I am this helps to communicate better with student who I do not share the same 1st language with, helps to build friendships and more, it brings people together. With regard to this response it seems that the student is pleased that he is able to pick up words form other languages that help to form relationships. To conclude the findings it is apparent that language attitudes form part of ideologies. Judging by the data I have gathered the participant provided insight of his attitude toward different languages especially English. It is obvious that English is a medium of instruction that the participant is pleased with as he would not have chosen UWC as an institution for higher education if this was not the case. The participant thus has a positive attitude towards English and the ideology (shared beliefs of language forms and practices) that English is a lingua franca common to all, increases this positive attitude. In this instance it brings to mind the assumption that we attain our attitudes from our ideologies. In essence it is apparent that our ideologies influence our attitudes toward various languages and it is these components that constitute as part of our identity. Language thus forms part of identity and in a modernised multilingual society the choice of identity is open to all. To elaborate one can side with the post-modern researchers who suggest that Post-modern accounts of identity have reacted against traditional and essentialist views by proposing an almost unlimited range of identity choices (Wallace, 2008:61). We as South Africans may be faced with the challenge of the battle between predominant and minor languages in a diverse country that consists of many different languages. Yet it is still astonishing to see that an institution such as UWC is able to bring people together even if it is through the use of English as a medium of instruction.

An Accounting Problem :: essays research papers

The annuities department was faced with an accounting problem. The current accounting system would be obsolete in a few years and our business customers are currently experiencing resource issues when problems arise and support for this system is required. Since financial reporting is a complex process, convoluted action was required to resolve this problem. The annuity technology group, along with the annuity business group came up with three possible solutions and conducted a high level requirements analysis and a cost benefit analysis to determine which solution to implement. The solutions analyzed were, do nothing and stay on the existing accounting system, go with a new accounting system designed and built by our Life Insurance partners, or build our own accounting engine. The requirements and cost benefit analysis took several months to complete and a final decision would not be made until 18 months after the initiation of this project. The end result of the requirements and cost benefit analysis concluded that it was most beneficial to our business partners to build our own accounting engine; however this was not the elected solution. Our suggestion to do nothing was not feasible; we were already facing resource issues for existing accounting problems. Additionally, through requirements analysis, we discovered that no future enhancements would be made to this old system, as the annuity business unit was the sole user of this system. Early on, we were able to eliminate remaining with our existing accounting system as a reasonable solution. External pressure from our Life Insurance partners wanted us to commit to using their services. Life Insurance had designed and implemented an accounting system a few years ago that provided wonderful functionality. This system is being used by most of the enterprise although there is no corporate mandate requiring administration areas to use it. While the functionality of this system is quite detailed and impressive, it fails to meet all of the needs of the annuity business customers. Because the annuity business requirements were quite extensive, the life insurance group could not commit to the necessary enhancements that would be required to their system to satisfy annuity users. Because of these business requirements, we then conducted an extensive analysis to determine what Annuities IT could do to satisfy the business requirements. The analysis revealed that we could build our own accounting system for only 25% of the cost of using the life insurance system.

hydropower :: essays research papers

Renewable Energy (Hydropower) The first time hydropower was used was in 1880 to generate 16 lamps at a wolverine chair factory in Grand Rapids Michigan. In the United States, hydroelectric plants opened near Appleton, Wisconsin on the Fox River on September 30, 1882. At that time, the only fuel used to make electricity was coal because of its abundance and low cost. People knew about hydroelectric power but the only places you could do that is by a water source. Hydropower became more popular when technology could send electricity long distances. To make hydropower, you have to direct moving water into pipes known as penstock. The swiftly flowing water in big rivers determines the energy produced or waterfalls, like the Columbia River or Niagara Falls. After the moving water is directed into the penstock, it pushes against the blades in the turbine to spin a generator that produces electricity. The other way to get hydropower is a storage system where water is collected by dams and will direct water into the penstock to turn the generator when the demand for electricity is high. The water being held back by the dam becomes lakes used for boating and fishing. The rivers beyond the dam become whitewater rafting and kayaking spots. An example of this is the Hoover dam, made in 1936 between Arizona and Nevada. This dam created lake 110 miles long called Lake Mead, offering water sports and fishing. Almost all of the hydroelectricity made in the United States is made in nine states, Washington, California, Oregon, New York, Tennessee, South Carolina, South Dakota, Arkansas, and Nevada. Hydropower is an ideal fuel because it is renewable and almost free, having no waste products, and does not pollute the water or air. A negative about hydropower is how it changes the environment and alters the natural habitats. An example of the negative effect on nature by a dam was when the salmon was blocked from their spawning grounds upstream.

1920-1930 Essay -- Essays Papers

1920-1930 The 1920’s are also known as the "Roaring 20’s". It was the first modern decade experienced by this country, as America flourished after WW I. The average number of hours worked per week dropped from 60 hours to 48 hours (Rayburn). For the first time, people felt that it was just as important to play as it was to work; family outings and weekend trips had become things that workers expected (Rayburn). Women became more open by appearing in public smoking and drinking. Trojan condoms first appeared and sex became an open issue for discussion. During these years, Prohibition caused the rich and the common folk to come together in the name of alcohol. The business of America had become business (Rayburn). Calvin Coolidge was president for most of the decade. He won his first election with the slogan, "Keep Cool With Coolidge" (Library of Congress). At this time, credit first appeared, and people took advantage by buying all the things they wanted like cars and radios. This mindset eventually led to the Great Stock Market crash, October 24, 1929. Women were becoming more open with their bodies and showed them with the clothes they wore. Fashion trends showed that skirts were getting shorter, but many expected them to return to the full-length style of the past after a year. Instead skirts and dresses continued to get shorter from that point. Many people also accepted the fact that women were now drinking and smoking. In the World there was an uncertain peace. World War I had just ended and some peoples had felt that peace negotiations were unfair. In 1922 Joseph Stalin was voted to be the general secretary of the Communist Party. He eventually became head of the Communist Party and issued his first five year plan in... ...s, 1931. Betts, John Rickards. America’s Sporting Heritage: 1850-1950. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1974. Hamilton, George Heard. 19th and 20th Century Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. Lucas, John. The Radical Twenties. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1997. Rayburn, Kevin. The Roaring 20’s. March 1997. "Calvin Coolidge and History in the 1920’s." The Online Library of Congress." http://www.memory.loc.gov Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization A Brief History. London: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1999 Buildings on Campus. Dayton: 1937. Archives Collection, Albert Emanuel Hall, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio. Wehrle, William O. History of the University of Dayton. Dayton: 1981. Archives Collection, Albert Emanuel Hall, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio.

Education †School Essay

Education is a vital process that enables pupils and students to acquire knowledge and skills that can earn them a living and a respectable life. Within most education systems are measures such as user charges and cost recovery. These measures are put forward so as to improve the quality of education. In Sub-Saharan Africa countries, the user charges and cost recovery measures have been criticised by some people on equity grounds although within the same region other people have defended the measures based on the same grounds. This essay therefore, intends to identify and discuss the various dimensions of user charges and cost recovery measures in education as well as to propose an alternative for user charges and other cost recovery measures in the Zambian education system. In order to have a wider understanding of this essay, the key words that are frequently appearing should be defined. According to (Jiminez, 1987) user charges are defined as a fee for service or a direct charge for the provision of a good or service by the Government in an open market while cost recovery is the regain of the costs of government-provided or funded products, services or activities that, at least in part, provide private benefits to individuals, entities or groups, or reflect the costs their actions impose. User charges fall within the broader concept of cost sharing which involves the contributions from users towards the cost of the particular service that they benefit from such as education, health and water (Terme, 2002). Cost sharing takes a wide range of forms such as direct charges and indirect charges. Examples of direct charges in education are charging fees for tuition and for school writing materials while the indirect charges include in kind contributions such as maintenance, construction and furniture. Such in kind contributions must equate to the official fees of the services provided. User charges however, are direct charges or fees which in the education system may include PTA funds which the school can use for the construction of ablution blocks and class room blocks. Examples of user charges in public offices include fee for a copy of a marriage, birth or death certificate. Cost recovery measures may include the products, services and different activities such as: recreational services; minerals and petroleum services; registration and licensing activities that the government offers to people that have costs (Lockheed and Verspoor, 1990). These costs can be recovered by either the users or other people who benefit from goods, services or activities. They can also be recovered from taxpayers. The education systems such as colleges offer teaching programs to students, the students benefit from such programs by acquiring skills and knowledge for teaching in other government or private schools. Since colleges have to buy chemicals for school laboratories, they also have to provide internet services, white board makers and other educational activities. The colleges have to find other ways of recovering such costs so as to maintain quality in their services. This is usually done by imposing tuition fees for all students, charging boarding fees, book fees as well as internet fees. The resources acquired from user charges and cost recovery measures are said to be equitably distributed to all sectors of economy. Equity is the fairness, justice in the distribution of resources (Kelly, 1999). This concept is normative in nature meaning that it involves the distribution of resources to different areas according to the amount needed and not on equal basis. It is also concerned with the patterns in which cost and benefits are being distributed among different areas of a society. To achieve equity in an area, resources as well as benefits must be distributed unequally that is more to the poor and less to the rich. An action like this should be done because the poor lack sources for income as well as protection hence providing less funds for their schools than the rich. This indicates that most of the poor people largely depend on different resources from the government in order to earn a living. User charges and cost recovery measures in the Sub-Saharan countries are seen by some people to be promoting equity in the education system because they improve the way resources are allocated in all the education institutions (World Bank Policy Research Report, 2001). User charges and cost recovery measures also lead to the effective contribution of resources. This in schools is usually achieved when the value that users place on educational services equal the cost of resources used up in the production of those services. Pupils as well as parents tend to value education, by so doing they put pressure on the school, teachers and the stuff to maintain quality. This increases accountability of education institutions hence the easy detection of problems to do with learning. Accountability in education enhances equity. The proper functioning of the user charges and cost recovery results into meeting and maintain the resource requirements for the education system. In situations when the government is not incapable of providing needed resources the school from the user fees can generate its own needed resources and solve any problem at hand. User charges often ensure the provision of quality leaning through the provision of books and other important learning materials, improved school planning and management, better utilization of teaching staff and reduced unit cost in construction for those who enroll. The vulnerable groups of society can also enroll by paying fees through in kind contribution to the construction of the school and even maintenance of school materials. Therefore, the equity benefits in this instance results from the use of resources in ways that benefit the poorest. Such benefits manifest through improvements in the provision of education in rural areas as well quality of educational services. User charges and cost benefits in the Sub-Saharan countries have been criticised because the vulnerable groups in such societies have been found not to be benefiting from the resources that are said to be distributed on equity. According to (Kelly, 1999) disadvantaged groups of society comprise of the poor, people that are handicapped, the girls or females and those that live in rural areas. With the user charges in the system, children from the poor families may not enroll because these families will have to look at how they will make indirect costs such as transportation, school meals, school provisions and sports as well as direct costs such as school fees and boarding fees. Besides that poor children also lack personal material and are unable to buy materials that are sold at school. With high levels of poverty children cannot be allowed to go to school because they are a source of income in their families especially in areas of farm work and selling. Those that are allowed to go to school usually go on empty stomachs. This affects them negatively in academic performance thus causing inefficiencies in the school system. In addition the school curriculum as well as the culture of learning act as barriers in the educational endeavors of these children because it is too advanced for them to understand and does not relate to their everyday activities. The other dimension is that this type of educational provision does not encompass areas such as rural areas. Education provision in rural areas is poorer than in urban areas (Central Statistics Office, 1997), because most of the teachers sent to teach in these areas are untrained, this in turn leads to poor quality in education; the school buildings and sanitation are so poor such that pupils get less motivated to attend lessons; materials and other supplies are not adequately distributed hence preventing pupils from acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills. The fairness, justification as well as the treatment of all people according to their needs that is said to be an outcome of user charges and cost recovery measures is seen not to apply in such cases. The other dimension that equity distribution does not cater for is that of the handicapped. One of the major problem in this area is lack of accurate information on the number of children with special educational needs (Central Statistics Office, 1994) the second one is the attitude of society to education of people with special needs. Some parents feel ashamed of themselves of having disabled children hence not sending them to school. Education for these children is not provided fully because even if they enroll they do not receive all the facilities they need for quality learning. In the gender dimension, the gender-based constraints to education tend to be more pronounced in rural areas (Psacharopoulos and Woodhall, 1985). This is due to the fact that the environment is normally more accommodative of gender inequality. Rural areas display strict traditional cultural values, attitudes and practices, such practices are harmful to girls education for they encourage early marriage, abduction, genital mutilation, sexual violence, excessive domestic chores, male superiority and domination of women are tolerated and encouraged by the community both inside and outside the school and with the user charges imposed, parents will opt to sending male children to school than female ones. Alternative justification for user charges and cost recovery measures in the Zambian education system must involve the participation of the poor; people that stay in the rural areas; the handicapped, the girls and other vulnerable people in society. According to (Carmody, 2004) the Zambia education system has been faced with severe constraints in items of finance. This can be solved by the increase in the sector funding by the government and the private sector. Increased funding in a particular sector increases financial resources. The increased financial resource can be used for the construction of educational facilities for handicapped children as well as building new and better schools in the rural areas. Such resources can also be used for sponsoring the education of children from the poor families in education. This can change the face of education in Zambia if it is effectively implemented. In conclusion, user charges and cost recovery in the Sub-Saharan countries cannot alone bring about equity in the distribution of resources in entire society because such countries are still developing. This means that the presence of a large number of poor people in these countries tends to bring about such irregularities. Therefore, in order for the vulnerable to be fully incorporated into the education system, there would be need for assistance in the form of funding by the government and the private sector. These should also be involved in the provision resources and the running of education system in order for them to counter check the progress of education of the people being sponsored as well as the people sponsoring themselves.

By the Waters of Babylon: Avoiding Apocalypse Essay

The story â€Å"By the Waters of Babylon† takes place in both a tribe in a forests and later the remains of what we know was New York. As John, a son of a priest, makes his journey to his limit, he decides to go farther and reach the city of the god to understand more about them. Upon reaching his destination, he finds out that the â€Å"gods† were men and were all dead in the debris of their own city. The whole time, although John doesn’t know it, there is a greater advantage for an apocalypse to occur in the near future. As he grow more in conflict whether he should explore for more knowledge or not, he is slowly bringing humanity to another great downfall again. Life as a young priest would have been fantastic in the new world, but John felt the thirst for knowledge as he had all these unsolved questions in his mind he could not put his hands on. When he decided it was time to leave and explore, he significantly brought the end of humanity closer to themselves. Everything has its own apocalypse, yes if John had never bothered to explore, the mystery of the gods would have been kept out of the question for a longer period, until civilization would have grown more intelligent and rewritten history itself. As John’s expedition begins, so does the new age for the apocalypse. As John heads east, he starts to see the distinct ways of the gods, like their roads and stone works, he’s getting close. He understand his culture compared with theirs and also their Lopez 2 Differences. Once he gets to his last point of safe, he feels unsatisfied. He hasn’t solved it all, he hungers for more. He feels he should go back but knows he needs knowledge of the god, even if it’s the death of him. When he decided to continue forth with his trek, he self-brought the apocalypse of his species closer to its end. As he arrives at the city of the â€Å"gods†, he is amazed at the structures they had created and can’t really identify everything, but what he does recognize is a dead god, the only thing was that, it wasn’t a â€Å"god†, it was a man just like John. He was speechless, both of them. As he arrived back to his tribe he told everything to his father who was also in amazement. He was told to not tell his clansmen, not all at once, but little by little. That was the last straw that he could removed to make certain the apocalypse arrived as soon as possible. Instead of informing of his findings, him keeping that colossal secret would have erased all that could ever have occurred in the future: the rebuilding of cities, the separation of tribes, the wars, etc. What has now to happen is the passing time till history reiterates once again. John was neither the protagonist nor the antagonist, he was the spark what happens next. If he had never set off on that odyssey, the apocalypse would have been prevented. If had decided to return home after reaching the river, goodbye to apocalypse, or even if he had not told ANYONE of what had occurred, the apocalypse would have been avoided. The thing is, the apocalypse can never be passed, and only extended and even though john would have not done all those acts to involuntarily screw his species, later on it would have happened anyways. Meaning john did a good thing†¦or was it bad. My sources were from the Florida McDougal Littell Literature book, From the Story â€Å"By the Waters of Babylon†, by: Stephen Vincent Benà ©t

Donne and Thomas: In the Face of Death Essay

John Donne and Dylan Thomas belong not only to two different ages but also to two different schools of poetry. The school of John Donne, more popularly known as the metaphysical poets, had their unique aesthetics and stressed on thought, rational, unconventional and even shocking arguments, reflection provoking imagery to grab the attention of the reader as opposed to the more romantic trend and stock imagery found in Elizabethan poetry. In the sonnet, â€Å"Death Be Not Proud†, the poet uses all the strategies typical of Metaphysical poetry to present his unique vision about death. Dylan Thomas on the other hand is a true poet of the heart, and his presentation too is distinctive. In the poem, â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night†, written to voice his deepest feelings confronted with his father’s mortality and weakness in face of death, each and every word of the poet burns with a passion, in the original religious connotation of the word. Donne refuses to grant Death the status of the â€Å"Mighty and dreadfull†, the standard Elizabethan epithets. The poet then proceeds, by means of arguments that invert the general Elizabethan idea of death, to take a highly optimistic stance. For instance, that ‘Sleep’ and ‘Rest’ are considered to be ‘Death’s second self’ (Harrison, Shakespeare, Sonnet 73) leads Donne to conclude that Death, too must be a source of great pleasure, just as sleep is: From rest and sleepe, which but thy pictures bee, Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow, The belief, that the best of men fall victim to the ravage of Death, is used by the poet to argue that, then, in a moral universe, Death can never be something horrible. The poet further undercuts Death’s formidable stature by associating it with war, sickness and poison and brings to test its power by calling it a â€Å"slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men†. Armed wits such arguments and armored with the poet’s unflinching faith in eternal life after Death, the poet goes on to state the ultimate antithesis in the final couplet of the sonnet: One short sleepe past, wee wake eternally, And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die. Dylan Thomas, on the other hand, implicitly accepts the power that Death wields over human existence. The periphrasis or the metaphors that the poet uses in his poem to talk about death provide evidence to that: in the entire poem, about Death, the word Death is used only once; Death is referred to either as the ‘good night’ or ‘the dying of the light’. Like Donne however, Dylan Thomas too is against a passive acceptance of death, against trembling in fear confronted with the formidable shadow of death. But being a modernist, incapable of sharing the older poets optimism or faith in eternal life after death, incapable of refuting the truth of Death, his poem sounds like an existential cry against the horror of it all. Dylan Thomas thus, like the protagonists of Albert Camus’ The Plague, tries to find a value and meaning of life in the human rebellion against Death. The oft repeated refrain sums up the feelings of this poet, face to face with death, incapable of all meaningful action but rage: Do not go gentle into that good night. Rage, rage against the dying of the light. However, both Dylan Thomas and John Donne, poets belonging to different eras and schools are one in their rebellion against a passive acceptance of the horror that is Death. Although, Donne’s argument stems from a faith that might not be shared universally; although Thomas’s ‘Rage’ against Death is undercut again and again with irony and sarcasm originating from a recognition of the meaninglessness of it all in face of this all-consuming truth; nevertheless their refusal to bow in front of the might of Death are homage to the indestructible human spirit. Works Cited Camus, Albert. The Plague. New York: Vintage, 1991 Harrison,G. B. ed. Shakespeare, The Complete Works. New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Atlanta: Harcount, Brace and World, Inc, 1968.

Color symbolism in the great gatsby

Nick Caraway, the narrator, Is one of the few characters who does not exhale the major laws that the other characters do. He Is able to see what Is wrong In society, at the same time as what Is positive about people, and his viewpoints are what characterize those In the novel. Nick moves to West Egg In the summer of '22 and begins his life as a bond man after the Great War. It Is who he meets In that summer that the novel Is about, using rich colors to describe his surroundings and having long pollens of people.Colors within the novel help to characterize the people around Nick, describing the nature and characteristics of people by associating them with certain colors. BLUE Nick tends to have a positive opinion of Jay Gatsby, often putting him on somewhat of a pedestal in comparison to many others he met in the summer. Gatsby is a war hero that Nick knew in the war and who later is his neighbor on West Egg. Gatsby is often associated with the color blue, blue only coming up a few ti mes when not associated with Gatsby, the only other reference to blue is of T. J. Eagleburger eyes.Blue is used to characterize people as watchers, or omnipresent people. After Wilson, a mechanic and husband, loses his wife Myrtle in a car accident, Wilson looks out the window at â€Å"the eyes of Doctor T. J. Cocklebur, which had Just emerged, pale and enormous, from the dissolving night. ‘God sees everything†(107). Wilson describes the eyes of Cocklebur as the eyes of God, seeing through the deception his wife had played on him for so long. The Cocklebur eyes are a billboard in the Valley of Ashes, they have been there for a long time and oversee everything, much like a man on a pedestal or God would be able to do.Cocklebur is viewed as God with his blue eyes seeing everything. Nick notices the eyes â€Å"brood over the solemn dumping ground†(15). People often blame events on God or claim his nonexistence because they do not erectly see an outside help when the y have problems. People claim that God only sees what happens on Earth and does not actually help his creations, leaving them to fend for themselves and having them make their own decisions. No one directly helps In the situations that are within the book; no outside hand helps with the problems nor guides any character to righteousness.Cocklebur sees but does not do. He Is a God. Gatsby Is much Like Cocklebur In the fact that he watches without action. Gatsby went to war and left behind Daisy, his love, only to find her married when he got home. Gatsby then saved up and bought a home across the bay from Daisy and watched from afar, watching over her but never contacting her. Nick goes out to his lawn the in the night after having reconnected with his cousin Daisy and, Nicks old heavens†(14). He notices Gatsby on and that â€Å"he stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way'(1 5).Gatsby is reaching for, what we later learn, is the light at the end of Daisy's dock. While he wants to partake in Daisy's life, like many believe God wishes to do in our lives, he restrains himself. He instead watches for Daisy and takes clippings about her life from the newspaper. Nick says that they are choosing their part of the local heaven, and God presides and watches from heaven. Gatsby watches and overlooks Daisy's life like God would humanity. Gatsby is characterized as a God character because of his inaction; this puts him on a pedestal, elevating the view of him.God is not hated, he is loved, and Gatsby is well loved by Nick. Gatsby would be free from Nicks criticism due to his love for him. Gatsby has parties in his â€Å"blue gardens†(25† that chauffeurs dressed in â€Å"robin's-egg blue†(27) invite people to. Parties are where Gatsby looks to find Daisy, hoping that she will one ay stumble into one and he will be reunited with her. Gatsby is always present at these parties but no one can ever remember seeing him or talking to him when asked. Furthering the idea of omnipresent, Gatsby has control over the chauffeurs and they follow as he says.He is watchful through them but doesn't need to be seen. WHITE Gatsby is often associated with blue, but he is also connected to white. Many characters are seen in white at some point in the novel and it is used to describe the appearance of innocence or false purity. Daisy and Jordan are both introduced in a Larry of white: â€Å"The windows were ajar and gleaming white against the fresh grass outside that seemed to grow a little way into the house. A breeze blew through the room, blew curtains in at one end and out the other like pale flags twisting them up toward the frosted wedding-cake of the ceiling†¦ Woo young women were buoyed up as though up upon an anchored balloon. They were both in white, and their dresses were rippling and fluttering as if they had Just been blown in after a short flight around the house† Jordan and Daisy are given almost an d ethereal appearance in the scene, like little angels or cherubs. They wear white like young innocent brides at a wedding, innocent and pure. Their appearance of innocence is dusted in white, from the curtains, to the ceiling, to the dresses on their bodies. They are almost described as birds, flying around the house in the wind and finding themselves tied to the ground again.Not only birds, but birds captured in a room or cage, making you feel sorry for them and wanting to set them free into the wind. They seem dainty and young, the innocence of babes surrounding them and protecting their view of the world. In reality though, Jordan and Daisy are both corrupt. Everyone likes to say that white in The Great Gatsby means innocence, probably because (1) that's easy to say and (2) everyone else is saying it. Buddhist is hardly the picture of girlish innocence. At the end of the novel, she's described as selfish, careless, and destructive.Jordan cheats on her golf matches, moving the ba ll closer to the hole, and Daisy has affairs and is unfaithful in mind and body. Neither is as innocent as they would like you to believe. Their innocence is false and used to protect the image of femininity the characterized Jordan, and especially Daisy. Gatsby is also described in white, showing his desire to be liked and seem innocent and pure. Gatsby is gone from Daisy for 5 long years, in which she had related to Daisy, there became opportunity for Gatsby to reconnect with his old love.Nick invites both Gatsby and Daisy over for tea one afternoon and Gatsby wears â€Å"a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and a gold-colored tie†(55). Gatsby has not seen Daisy in over 5 years and wants to make a good impression on her, to make her see him as good and honest, better than the man she was currently married to. He may have known her when they were young but the time had past and he wanted to remind her of the times before all that had happened and when they were innocent and e re, before they were tainted by the lives they currently lead.He wanted to remind Daisy of the time they spent together in Louisville in her â€Å"white roadster†(49). Gatsby uses white to seem innocent in the moment and to show his pure intentions towards Daisy. While the use of white by characters in their dressing might be unintentional, they subconsciously want to send a message to another party within the novel. There is an underlying nervousness with Gatsby involving his meeting of new people or the reconnection of him and Daisy. The focus on color and the appearance of purity indicates the desire to have a specific image about them.Nick also dresses up in white flannels to make a good first impression. Upon being invited to on of Gatsby great, grand, glorious parties Nick â€Å"dress[sees] up in white flannels† and crosses the short distance between his house and Gatsby (27). Nick had never met Gatsby before and even told Jordan at dinner, the same one where he reconnected with Daisy and Tom, that he had never met his neighbor but knew that he was Gatsby. Nick is nervous, to the point of becoming drunk one of two times in his life, and wants to make sure that Gatsby likes him.Nick searches out his host, trying to be a good guest and thank him for the invitation, further indication that Nick wants to be seen in a favorable light. Nick is searching out, not only Gatsby, but Gatsby approval of who he is. He is like a small school boy trying to please the teacher by bringing them a glistening apple on the first day of school. Nick is brining himself, dressed up in his nice, white duds, to please the metaphorical teacher of Gatsby. While Nick seems least corrupt and has the fewest flaws of all of the characters within the novel, he wants the others to know Just how good of a character he has.While Nick is not flawed like the others within the novel, he is still human, and there is a falsity of the persona he puts on to show people. Nick does no t want to be seen as the rest of the crowd. He does not share their flaws but he is not above them all. The distinction of the way he acts is accentuated by the color white, furthering his appearance of innocence in the events of the summer. GOLD White is pure like the shell and outside of an egg. The problem is that the white part never indicates if the inside will be rotten or not. While â€Å"white is unblemished morality' and false purity, gold is corruption, greed, and money (Huber 2011).Nick and the others in the novel live on either East or West Egg. The eggs are similar in shape but different in personality and culture. On the outside though, everyone on either egg tries to hide who they are and their corruption with their white clothing, homes, and decorations. Many of the characters have corruption associated with them, even if the measure of how bad it is differs. Gatsby and his golden feasts with â€Å"pigs and turkeys bewitched to a dark gold†, show his money an d corruption (26). While Gatsby is characterized with beautiful language and pleasant interaction with and that is where his money came from.All of his purchases were paid for with money gained through illegal means. While the nature of Gatsby and his intentions are pure, like his white flannel suit, his money is not. Gatsby also wears a â€Å"gold tie† upon meeting Daisy again at the tea that Nick planned(55). Gatsby wants to prove that he is good by wearing his white flannel suit but he unconsciously also announces his wealth to Daisy. Daisy has always been attracted to wealth and opulence, and Gatsby achieved his status in an effort to win Daisy over again with the money she always desired him to have. The gold tie represents Gatsby money, but not only that.It is also the corruption required to gain the money so quickly and continuously throughout the years. His corruption goes beyond Just the fact that he gained money through ways that were immoral and against the law. He also pursued a married woman, having an affair with her. Gatsby, had he been able to let go of the past, would have been able to accept that Daisy was married and that he could no longer pursue her or have her in any way, even physically. Before they commit any sins of adultery, Nick and Daisy go to Gatsby house after tea. In Gatsby garden there is the â€Å"pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate†(60).No regrettable actions have occurred yet but the sentiments that will soon occur are alluded to by the flowers color-scent and its presence in Gatsby yard. Gatsby will eventually send his servants away to protect his secret affair with Daisy, but the affair never is open to the public like that of Myrtle and Tom's. Gatsby and Daisy have to â€Å"kiss at the gate† before they rush home. The scent of the flowers and its association of gold coincide with the nature of the relationship that Daisy and Gatsby carry out. An affair is never indicating positively of ones character . Gatsby and Daisy both have flaws that lead hem to the affair.Daisy did not marry out of love, but out of greed and desire to be wealthy. It is that same sort of desire that led her back to Gatsby. While she was now a married woman, she continued to fulfill her fantasy and pursue the love she had with Gatsby. Gatsby is corrupt because he knowingly took a married woman, pursued her, and then proceeded to have an intimate relationship with her. He did it because he thought it would benefit both him and Daisy later, that they would be happy. Gatsby corruption is a unique kind, not directly for his own benefit but for someone he thinks will benefit his life in the end.Gatsby has Daisy and Nick has Jordan. From the beginning of when they met, Daisy desired to match Nick and Jordan up together â€Å"Ill sort of- oh- fling you together†(13). Nick never stated that he wanted Jordan, one of Daisy's flaws is assuming she knows what others want, and they usually will consent because sh e has a way about her that is hard to ignore, but they never usually tell her that they want it in the first place. Nick never stated that he desired Jordan; he was interested and confused by her aloof nature but never stated a desire for her. Nick is an upstanding individual with no real flaws of nature or morality.Jordan, despite Nick's initial knowledge, is actually a liar and corrupt in her own nature. At one of Gatsby parties earlier in the summer, Nick found Jordan and went around with her â€Å"slender golden arm resting in† his (28). Jordan plays golf, a rich mans sport, and was accused of cheating by moving her ball closer to the hole than it actually fell. Jordan denied the accusations, claiming that she played a fair game and was not a liar. Later the retracted their statements, presumably under the influence of a large stack of bills pushed their way. Jordan buys her innocence with money and corrupt action to cover ere other corrupt actions.While the white of an e gg seems pure and delicious, the rotten inside will eventually be seen. Jordan can cover herself with white dresses in a white ceiling room with white curtains around, but she cannot alter her true and corrupt nature. GREEN A major idea of the novel is corruption of society, additionally the American dream is expressed as a want from all of the characters. They all want to live they perfect life, have families, and to be able to have no worries of money. The desire and hope is seen through the emotions and sentiment connected to the color green.Daisy has green light at the end of her dock and Gatsby reached for it â€Å"trembling†(1 5). Daisy is Gatsby everything, his dream, his hope, his future. Gatsby went off to war believing that he would come home to find Daisy waiting for him, that they would have a happy future. He had the hope to believe that he would be able to leave for war and come back to everything being as it was, as if stopped in time. Gatsby is described by Ni ck in the beginning of the novel â€Å"it was an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person and which it is not likely I shall ever find again†(2).Gatsby was a romantic person with the ability to wait for long periods of time purely on the hope that the future would come and be what he wished. Gatsby realizes Just what the green light means to him when he is reunited with Daisy and she is on his lap: â€Å"If it wasn't for the mist we could see your home across the bay said Gatsby You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock. ‘ Daisy put her harm through his abruptly but he seemed absorbed in what he had Just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever.Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very hear to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one†(61-62). Gatsby had desired Daisy for so long that he had not realized that he substituted the green light at the end of Daisy's dock for the real and actual Daisy. Gatsby had had that light as a hope and beacon for all that he did. It was a hope for the future, for the coming day, for what he would do next.The green light directed and guided him in the night and day, eloping him chose in difficult situations and lending him guidance on his life choices. Gatsby life goes downhill from the moment he reconnects with Daisy and loses hope and his sense of direction for the future. He knows he wants to be with Daisy but he has already done everything he had planned for the past 5 years. He is at a loss and doesn't know what to do next. He loses hope and starts destroying the life he built. He fires servants, stops the parties, and loses the spark that made him so likable in the beginning of the nov el. It [green] represented the hope of a better life ND the birth of the American Dream because in this new found land you could have anything you wanted if you worked hard enough†¦ Green also represents corruption and the failing or death of the American Dream† (â€Å"Color Symbolism in the Great Gatsby'). The green light is not the only green associated with Gatsby, of the few instances the color is mentioned, Gatsby or something Gatsby owns is usually hope and loss of hope he has when he is younger, Just before becoming Jay Gatsby. When Dan Cody meets him, â€Å"It was James Gate who had been loafing along the beach in a torn green Jersey' (98).Gatsby came from a penniless family and did not have very much to have hope in, given his circumstances. He was without means to make anything of himself and there was not much hope in the lower income classes of the time for gaining anything higher than their current position. The â€Å"torn green Jersey' represents the hope lessness of Gatsby prior to his meeting of Dan Cody. Once he had met him, Gatsby had a goal, he Joined the army, met Daisy, and became very wealthy. After he had met Cody he no longer wore the green Jersey, he had other, nicer clothes and he no longer felt the hopelessness associated with the lower income groups of society.His transition away from this hopelessness shows character growth and gives background to Gatsby story. CONCLUSION The Great Gatsby, a novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald, highlights characteristics in characters using the colors blue, yellow, white and green. Blue is the omnipresence of both Gatsby and T. J. Cocklebur, the characters that keep vigil over the long island sound and the people in it. They are those who represent God's presences and judgment of the actions of those throughout the novel. Yellow is corruption and money.Gatsby wears gold and has golden items, thing he bought with dirty money room a false business. Cordon's golden arm helps her cheat in golf, a nd Daisy is obsessed with Gatsby money and has no negative thoughts of the affair she carries on with Gatsby. White is the false innocence of the characters and the protecting of femininity for Jordan and Daisy. They are characterized with white but are not as pure as they seem and the association is always in accordance with their femininity: their dresses or physical appearance. Green is the ever present hope and desire for Daisy and the past she and Gatsby shared.